Trimagnesium citrate
Score impact
0.00
points/product
Description
E345(I), also known as trimagnesium citrate, is a food additive classified as an acidity regulator. It is the trimagnesium salt of citric acid, a natural compound found in citrus fruits. Industrially, it is obtained by reacting citric acid with magnesium carbonate or hydroxide, followed by crystallization and drying.
It appears as a white crystalline powder, odorless, with a slightly acidic and salty taste. It is soluble in water and practically insoluble in alcohol. Its main function is to regulate the acidity of foods, acting as a buffer to maintain a stable pH. It can also act as a sequestrant of metal ions, improving the stability and texture of products.
Trimagnesium citrate was approved as a food additive in the European Union after evaluations by EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) and WHO (World Health Organization). EFSA established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-20 mg/kg body weight for magnesium from all sources, including this additive. WHO also considers it safe within established limits. Globally, E345(I) is considered a safe additive for the general population, with no significant adverse effects at the levels used in foods.
On labeling, it must appear as 'trimagnesium citrate' or 'E345(I)' in the ingredient list. It is important to note that magnesium is an essential mineral, and its contribution through this additive may contribute to the recommended daily intake, albeit in small amounts. The food safety of this additive is supported by numerous toxicological studies that have shown no health risks at authorized use levels.
E345(I) is mainly used as an acidity regulator in a variety of processed foods. According to EC Regulation 1333/2008, it is authorized in the European Union for use in categories such as cocoa and chocolate products, confectionery, ice cream, desserts, sauces, soups, canned vegetables, non-alcoholic beverages, and processed meat products.
In the Spanish market, it can be found in isotonic drinks, jams, jellies, and dairy products such as yogurts and custards. Authorized limits vary by category, generally between 0.5 and 5 g/kg, although in some products quantum satis (sufficient amount to achieve the desired effect) is allowed. Compared to the US FDA, trimagnesium citrate is recognized as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) for similar uses, with no specific limits beyond good manufacturing practices. In Japan, it is also permitted as a food additive.
The main function is to adjust and stabilize pH, which helps preserve the texture, flavor, and shelf life of foods. Additionally, it can act as a water retention agent in meat products and as a stabilizer in beverages.
Toxicological studies conducted by EFSA and WHO have not documented significant adverse effects associated with the consumption of trimagnesium citrate at the levels used as a food additive. Magnesium is an essential mineral for the body, and its intake through this additive is generally low compared to daily requirements (300-400 mg/day for adults). However, at very high doses (supplements), magnesium can cause laxative effects, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Since E345(I) is used in small amounts, these effects are not expected. Sensitive populations, such as individuals with renal insufficiency, may have difficulty excreting excess magnesium, but the amounts contributed by the additive are negligible. No relevant drug interactions have been reported with this additive. EFSA concluded that there is no evidence of genetic, carcinogenic, or reproductive toxicity. WHO also considers it safe.
In summary, E345(I) is a well-tolerated and safe additive under authorized conditions of use.
- Magnesium citrate
- Trimagnesium dicitrate
- Magnesium citrate tribasic
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