Advantame
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Description
The food additive E969, known as Advantame, is a high-intensity artificial sweetener derived from aspartame and vanillin. It was developed by Ajinomoto and approved in the European Union in 2014.
Industrially, it is obtained through a chemical reaction between aspartame and 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propanal, followed by purification. It is a white or slightly yellow powder, soluble in water, and stable at high temperatures, making it suitable for baked goods. Its sweetening power is approximately 20,000 times that of sucrose, allowing its use in minimal amounts.
EFSA established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 5 mg/kg body weight, based on toxicological studies that showed no significant adverse effects. WHO also evaluated it and confirmed its safety.
In food labeling, it must appear as 'E969' or 'Advantame'. It is considered safe for the general population, including diabetics, as it does not affect blood glucose levels. However, people with phenylketonuria should avoid it because it contains phenylalanine, albeit in very small amounts.
The food safety of E969 is supported by multiple studies that have found no toxicity, carcinogenicity, or effects on reproduction.
E969 is used in a wide variety of food categories as a tabletop sweetener, non-alcoholic beverages, desserts, dairy products, confectionery, chewing gum, breakfast cereals, and baked goods.
In the Spanish market, it is found in light soft drinks, low-calorie yogurts, sugar-free jellies, sugar-free chewing gum, and tabletop sweeteners in powder or liquid form. Regulation EC 1333/2008 sets maximum limits that vary by category: for example, in non-alcoholic beverages up to 6 mg/L, in desserts up to 10 mg/kg, and in tabletop sweeteners up to 30 mg/kg. Comparatively, the FDA approved Advantame in 2014 with similar uses, while Japan authorized it in 2013.
In the EU, its use is restricted to certain categories and always within established limits to ensure safety.
Toxicological studies conducted by EFSA and WHO have not documented significant adverse effects in humans within the established ADI. No carcinogenic, genotoxic, or teratogenic effects have been observed in animals.
The biological mechanism of its metabolism is similar to that of aspartame: it is hydrolyzed in the intestine to phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and methanol, but in much smaller amounts due to its high potency. Sensitive populations include people with phenylketonuria, who should avoid any source of phenylalanine, although the amount present in products with Advantame is minimal. No interactions with medications have been reported.
The conclusion of EFSA and WHO is that E969 is safe for human consumption under authorized conditions of use. No side effects such as headaches or allergic reactions have been documented, unlike other sweeteners.
In summary, the safety profile is excellent and there is no evidence of health risks for the general population.
- Advantamo
- Advantame
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